If you’ve adopted a dog or taken in a stray, determining how old he is can be challenging. Fido may act like a big clumsy puppy, but looks can be deceiving. And that old formula, “Dogs live seven years for every one human year” isn’t really accurate, as that calculation only works if you know a dog’s age. However, you can “guesstimate” your canine pal’s age by tracking a few telltale signs.

Genetics

First and foremost, Fido’s size and breed play a big role in determining his lifespan. Smaller breeds, like Chihuahuas, usually live longer than larger dogs, and also mature faster during the first 2-3 years of their lives.

On the other hand, larger breeds, like the Great Dane, grow more slowly as pups. By age five, a Great Dane has reached doggy middle age, while a five-year-old Chihuahua would only be in his early-30s in human years.

Teeth

Fido’s choppers also offer information about his age. Puppies younger than four weeks usually have no teeth at all. In fact, Fido won’t start growing permanent teeth until he’s three to four months old. They’ll also be a clean white at this stage.

As a dog ages, you’ll start to see more stains, plaque, and tartar. Around age five, plaque and tartar really start to develop, and Fido’s teeth may be slightly worn down or less pointed. At this point, the risk of dental disease increases considerably. And canines ten years old and older often have cracked, loose, or missing teeth.

Coat

Just like with humans, gray hairs are telltale signs of aging on dogs. Between the ages of seven and ten, your pooch will get gray or white hairs on his chest, muzzle, and haunches. However, some dogs develop gray hairs at an early age, oftentimes due to stress and anxiety.

Eyes

Fido’s eyes also say a lot about his age. Over time, a dog’s eyes may get cloudy and produce discharge. These changes usually start appearing between six and eight years of age. Cataracts or vision loss are also more common in senior dogs.

Activity Level

This one’s pretty much a no-brainer. Anyone who’s had a puppy knows how boundless their energy can be. As Fido ages, he’ll probably prefer naps on the couch to runs in the park.

Our Advice on How Old Is Your Dog

How does a dog’s breed and size factor into their lifespan and aging?

A dog’s breed and size significantly influence their lifespan and aging process. Smaller breeds like Chihuahuas tend to live longer and mature faster, while larger breeds like Great Danes have slower growth rates. For instance, a five-year-old Great Dane is considered middle-aged, while a Chihuahua of the same age is akin to a human in their early thirties. Understanding these differences helps estimate a dog’s age and tailor appropriate care to their specific needs.

How do activity levels change as dogs age?

As dogs age, their activity levels typically decrease. Puppies are known for their boundless energy, but as dogs grow older, they tend to prefer more leisurely activities and rest. While young dogs may enjoy vigorous play and frequent walks, senior dogs often prefer shorter, less intense activities and more frequent naps. This change in behavior is natural and reflects the aging process, as older dogs may experience decreased mobility and energy levels. Monitoring and adjusting activity levels according to a dog’s age can help ensure they remain comfortable and healthy throughout their life stages.

At what age should you switch your dog to a senior dog food?

Transitioning to senior dog food typically occurs around the age of 7 for most dogs. However, this can vary based on factors like size, breed, and individual health. Large breeds may benefit from switching earlier, around age 5 or 6, while smaller breeds may not need senior food until they are older. Senior dog food is formulated to meet the specific nutritional needs of aging dogs, including lower calories and tailored nutrients to support joint health and maintain a healthy weight. Consult your veterinarian to determine the best time to transition your dog to a senior diet.

Can anything be done about cloudy eyes in older dogs?

Cloudy eyes in older dogs can be a sign of age-related changes or underlying health issues such as cataracts. While some changes may be normal with age, it’s essential to have your dog examined by a veterinarian. Treatment options depend on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary for conditions like cataracts, while others may require management of associated health issues. Regular veterinary check-ups can help monitor your dog’s eye health and address any concerns promptly.

Do older dogs still need regular exercise, just less intense?

Yes, older dogs still benefit from regular exercise, although the intensity may need adjustment. Moderate exercise helps maintain muscle tone, joint flexibility, and mental stimulation in senior dogs. Tailor activities to your dog’s age, health, and mobility level, opting for shorter, gentler walks, and low-impact exercises like swimming or gentle play. Regular but less intense exercise helps prevent obesity, promotes cardiovascular health, and supports overall well-being in aging dogs. Consult your veterinarian to design a suitable exercise plan tailored to your dog’s individual needs and abilities.

Do you have questions about your dog’s age and health needs? Contact us, your local animal clinic in Easley, SC!